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Personality theories : an introduction / Barbara Engler.

By: Engler, BarbaraMaterial type: TextTextLanguage: English Publisher: Delhi: Cengage, 2023Edition: 9th edDescription: xx, 504 pages : ill.; 25 cmISBN: 9789355732255Subject(s): PersonalityDDC classification: 155.2
Contents:
Introduction: Evaluating Personality Theories Your Goals For This Chapter What Is Personality? What Is a Theory? The Role of Personality Theory in Psychology The Evaluation of Personality Theory Philosophical Assumptions Basic Philosophical Assumptions Distinguishing Philosophical Assumptions from Scientific Statements Criteria for Evaluating Philosophical Assumptions Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Your Own Philosophical Assumptions Scientific Statements The Philosophical Basis of Science Recognizing Scientific Statements Some Basic Scientific Constructs Criteria for Evaluating Scientific Statements The Art of Personality Theories Assessment Thinking Critically: Evaluating Personality Theories Research Psychotherapy The Challenges of Evaluation Summary Personal Experiences pt. I THE PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH ch. 2 Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud. Contents note continued: Your Goals For This Chapter Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Biographical Background The Origins of Psychoanalysis The Discovery of Unconscious Forces The Psychoanalytic Method of Assessment and Research Thinking Critically: Free Association The Dynamics and Development of Personality The Importance of Sexuality The Psychosexual Stages of Development Thinking Critically: Memories: True or False? The Effects of the Psychosexual Stages The Structure of Personality The Id, Ego, and Superego The Relationship of the Id, Ego, and Superego to Consciousness The Ego's Defense Mechanisms Psychoanalysis Transference Thinking Critically: Identifying Defense Mechanisms The Analytic Process Empirical Validation of Psychoanalytic Concepts Twentieth Century Efforts Thinking Critically: Freud on Women and Women on Freud Neuropsychoanalytic Research Philosophy, Science, and Art: Freud's Theory. Contents note continued: Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Freud Summary Personal Experiences pt. II THE NEOPSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH ch. 3 Analytical Psychology: Carl Jung Your Goals For This Chapter Carl Jung (1875-1961) Biographical Background The Nature and Structure of Personality Psychic Energy The Ego The Personal Unconscious and Its Complexes The Collective Unconscious Thinking Critically: Archetypes in Cultural Forms Psychological Types Self-Realization Synchronicity Individuation and Transcendence Jungian Psychotherapy Assessment and Research in Jung's Theory Philosophy, Science, and Art: Jung's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Jung Summary Personal Experiences ch. 4 Interpsychic Theories: Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan Your Goals For This Chapter Alfred Adler (1870-1937) Biographical Background Basic Concepts Thinking Critically: Birth Order and Personality. Contents note continued: Adlerian Psychotherapy Assessment and Research in Adler's Theory Thinking Critically: A License to Parent? Philosophy, Science, and Art: Adler's Theory Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949) Biographical Background Basic Concepts Psychotherapy, Assessment, and Research Thinking Critically: Prototaxic, Parataxic, and Syntaxic Experience Philosophy, Science, and Art: Sullivan's Theory Family Therapy Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Adler and Sullivan Summary Personal Experiences ch. 5 Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen Horney, Erich Fromm Your Goals For This Chapter Karen Homey (1885-1952) Biographical Background Basic Anxiety Neurotic Needs or Trends The Idealized Self Thinking Critically: Neurotic Needs, Modes, and Orientations Feminine Psychology Assessment and Research in Horney's Theory Attachment and Parenting Research Philosophy, Science, and Art: Horney's Theory. Contents note continued: Erich Fromm (1900-1980) Biographical Background Basic Human Conditions and Needs Character Orientations Assessment and Research in Fromm's Theory Thinking Critically: Terrorism Philosophy, Science, and Art: Fromm's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Horney and Fromm Summary Personal Experiences pt. III MORE RECENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY ch. 6 Ego Analytic Psychology: Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, Dan McAdams Your Goals For This Chapter Anna Freud (1895-1982) Biographical Background Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Biographical Background An Enhanced Understanding of the Ego The Psychosocial Stages of Development Assessment and Research in Erikson's Theory Thinking Critically: The Life Cycle Empirical Research in Erikson's Theory Philosophy, Science, and Art: Erikson's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Erikson Dan McAdams (1954- ) Biographical Background. Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Generativity: How Do You Measure Up? Thinking Critically: Your Life Story Summary Personal Experiences ch. 7 Human Relations: Object Relations Theory, Relational-Cultural Theory Your Goals For This Chapter Object Relations Theory Melanie Klein (1882-1960) Margaret Mahler (1897-1985) Heinz Kohut (1913-1981) Otto Kernberg (1928- ) Nancy Chodorow (1944- ) Thinking Critically: Families Today Relational-Cultural Theory Shifting the Paradigm Psychotherapy Thinking Critically: Disconnections and Connections Other Applications The Neurobiological Basis of Relationships Thinking Critically: Serial Testimony Philosophy, Science, and Art: Human Relations Theories Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Human Relations Theories Summary Personal Experiences pt. IV BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING THEORIES. Contents note continued: ch. 8 Experimental Analysis Of Behavior: John Dollard and Neal Miller, B.F. Skinner Your Goals For This Chapter The Experimental Analysis of Behavior John Dollard (1900-1980) and Neal Miller (1909-2002) Biographical Background Habits, Drives, and the Learning Process Frustration and Conflict Thinking Critically: Personal Conflicts The Integration of Learning Theory and Psychoanalysis Psychotherapy Philosophy, Science, and Art: Dollard and Miller's Theory B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Biographical Background A Theory of Personality Without Personality The Development of Behavior Through Learning Schedules and Types of Reinforcement Thinking Critically: Classical and Operant Conditioning in Your Life Psychotherapy and Behavioral Change Social Utopias Philosophy, Science, and Art: Skinner's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Dollard and Miller and Skinner Conclusions Summary. Contents note continued: Personal Experiences ch. 9 Social Learning Theories: Albert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Walter Mischel Your Goals For This Chapter Albert Bandura (1925- ) Biographical Background An Agentic Perspective Triadic Reciprocal Causation Learning Through Observation Aggression, Inhumane Behavior, and Moral Disengagement Self-Efficacy Thinking Critically: Moral Disengagement and Reprehensible Conduct Psychotherapy and Behavior Modification Thinking Critically: Developing Self-Regulation Philosophy, Science, and Art: Bandura's Theory Julian Rotter (1916- ) Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement Predicting Behavior Walter Mischel (1930- ) Behavior Specificity A Cognitive-Affective Personality System A Biological Basis for Self-Regulation and Delay of Gratification Thinking Critically: Behavioral Signatures Conclusions Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Bandura, Rotter, and Mischel. Contents note continued: Summary Personal Experiences pt. V DISPOSITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PERSONALITY ch. 10 Traits And Personology: Gordon Allport, Henry Murray Your Goals For This Chapter Gordon Allport (1897-1967) Biographical Background The Nature of Personality Traits Thinking Critically: Central Dispositions The Proprium Functional Autonomy A Definition of Maturity Assessment and Research in Allport's Theory Philosophy, Science, and Art: Allport's Theory Henry Murray (1893-1988) Biographical Background The Study of Personology Human Needs Thinking Critically: Evaluating Needs Assessment and Research in Murray's Theory Thinking Critically: The Thematic Apperception Test Philosophy, Science, and Art: Murray's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Allport and Murray Conclusions Summary Personal Experiences. Contents note continued: ch. 11 Factor Analytic, Genetic And Evolutionary Theories: Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments Your Goals For This Chapter Raymond Cattell (1905-1998) Biographical Background Cattell's Definition of Personality Surface Traits Versus Source Traits Assessment and Research in Cattell's Theory The Big Five Personality Traits The Study of Language The Study of Personality Questionnaires and Ratings Differences Between the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model Five-Factor Theory Applications of the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model and Theory Implications for Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Behavior Thinking Critically: How Abnormal Is Abnormal? Genetics and Evolutionary Developments The Genetic Influence on Traits Applications of Genetic Research Evolutionary Psychology Theory. Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Using a Genogram to Chart Personality Traits in Your Family Tree Philosophy, Science, and Art: Factor Analytic Trait Theories Thinking Critically: Should We Selectively Breed Humans? Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Cattell and the Big Five Theorists Summary Personal Experiences ch. 12 Biological Traits: Hans Eysenck Your Goals For This Chapter Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) Biographical Background Historical Predecessors Constructing a Model of Personality The Identification of Superfactors The Hierarchical Model of Personality Comparisons with Cattell and the Big Five The Measurement of Traits Looking for Causal Agents of Behavior Eysenck's Hypothetical Causal Explanations Thinking Critically: The Lemon Test New Research on Brain Functioning The Biological Basis of Behavior and Neurosis Intelligence Applications of Eysenck's Theory Education. Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Study Places Creativity Personality, Biology, and Genetics Psychotherapy Thinking Critically: Measuring the Efficacy of Psychotherapy Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eysenck's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Eysenck's Theory Summary Personal Experiences pt. VI HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL THEORIES ch. 13 Humanism: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers Your Goals For This Chapter Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Biographical Background Human Motivation: A Hierarchical Theory The Study of Self-Actualized Persons Thinking Critically: Who's Among the Self-Actualized? Philosophy, Science, and Art: Maslow's Theory Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Biographical Background Rogers's Theory of Personality Psychotherapy Thinking Critically: Friendlier Arguments: Using Reflection to Resolve Conflicts Changes in Rogers's View of Therapy Assessment and Research in Rogers's Theory. Contents note continued: Philosophy, Science, and Art: Rogers's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Maslow and Rogers Positive Psychology Transpersonal Psychology Thinking Critically: War and Our Comfort Level Thinking Critically: Should Psychologists Study Spirituality? Summary Personal Experiences ch. 14 Existential Psychoanalysis: Rollo May Your Goals For This Chapter Rollo May (1909-1994) Biographical Background The Existential Attitude Our Predicament Powerlessness Anxiety The Loss of Values Rediscovering Selfhood Thinking Critically: Is Privacy an Obsolete Value? Ontological Assumptions Concerning the Person Rediscovering Feelings Four Stages of Consciousness of Self The Goals of Integration The Daimonic Power Love and Sex Intentionality Freedom and Destiny Courage and Creativity A Cry for Myth Thinking Critically: Cultural Myths and the Media Psychotherapy. Contents note continued: Assessment and Research in May's Theory Philosophy, Science, and Art: May's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining May Social Media Summary Personal Experiences pt. VII COGNITIVE THEORIES ch. 15 Personal CONSTRUCTS: George Kelly Your Goals For This Chapter George Kelly (1905-1967) Biographical Background The Person as Scientist Constructive Alternativism Thinking Critically: How We Behave as Scientists Fundamental Postulate and Corollaries The Reconstruction of Old Concepts Assessment and Research in Kelly's Theory Psychotherapy Thinking Critically: Assessing Personal Constructs: The Rep Test Thinking Critically: Role-Playing Philosophy, Science, and Art: Kelly's Theory Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Kelly Summary Personal Experiences ch. 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Theories: Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus Your Goals For This Chapter Albert Ellis (1913-2007). Contents note continued: Biographical Background Philosophical Origins The Theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Rational Emotive Behavior Psychotherapy Thinking Critically: A Self-Help Form Aaron Beck (1921- ) Biographical Background Philosophical Origins The Theory Behind Cognitive Therapy Thinking Critically: Automatic Thoughts Diary Cognitive Psychotherapy Assessment and Research in Beck's Theory Arnold Lazarus (1932- ) Biographical Background The Development of a Theory and the BASIC-ID Theory of Personality Multimodal Therapy Thinking Critically: Using the BASIC-ID Technical Eclecticism Philosophy, Science, and Art: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and Theories Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus Mindfulness Summary Personal Experiences pt. VIII A NON-WESTERN APPROACH ch. 17 Zen Buddhism Your Goals For This Chapter The Introduction of Zen to the West. Contents note continued: The Origins of Zen The Teachings of the Buddha Dependent Origination The Three Characteristics of Existence Vasubandhu and the Eight Consciousnesses Bodhidharma and the Transmission of Zen to China The Practice of Zen Thinking Critically: Meditation Five Approaches to Zen Practice Enlightenment Eastern Thought and Psychotherapy Thinking Critically: Mindfulness and the Search for a Higher Synthesis Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eastern Theories Summary Personal Experiences CONCLUSION/PERSONALITY THEORY IN PERSPECTIVE Your Goals For This Chapter Philosophy, Science, and Art: Personality Theories Philosophical Issues The Challenge of Contemporary Personality Theorizing Summary
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Introduction: Evaluating Personality Theories
Your Goals For This Chapter
What Is Personality?
What Is a Theory?
The Role of Personality Theory in Psychology
The Evaluation of Personality Theory
Philosophical Assumptions
Basic Philosophical Assumptions
Distinguishing Philosophical Assumptions from Scientific Statements
Criteria for Evaluating Philosophical Assumptions
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Your Own Philosophical Assumptions
Scientific Statements
The Philosophical Basis of Science
Recognizing Scientific Statements
Some Basic Scientific Constructs
Criteria for Evaluating Scientific Statements
The Art of Personality Theories
Assessment
Thinking Critically: Evaluating Personality Theories
Research
Psychotherapy
The Challenges of Evaluation
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. I THE PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
ch. 2 Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud. Contents note continued: Your Goals For This Chapter
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Biographical Background
The Origins of Psychoanalysis
The Discovery of Unconscious Forces
The Psychoanalytic Method of Assessment and Research
Thinking Critically: Free Association
The Dynamics and Development of Personality
The Importance of Sexuality
The Psychosexual Stages of Development
Thinking Critically: Memories: True or False?
The Effects of the Psychosexual Stages
The Structure of Personality
The Id, Ego, and Superego
The Relationship of the Id, Ego, and Superego to Consciousness
The Ego's Defense Mechanisms
Psychoanalysis
Transference
Thinking Critically: Identifying Defense Mechanisms
The Analytic Process
Empirical Validation of Psychoanalytic Concepts
Twentieth Century Efforts
Thinking Critically: Freud on Women and Women on Freud
Neuropsychoanalytic Research
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Freud's Theory. Contents note continued: Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Freud
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. II THE NEOPSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
ch. 3 Analytical Psychology: Carl Jung
Your Goals For This Chapter
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
Biographical Background
The Nature and Structure of Personality
Psychic Energy
The Ego
The Personal Unconscious and Its Complexes
The Collective Unconscious
Thinking Critically: Archetypes in Cultural Forms
Psychological Types
Self-Realization
Synchronicity
Individuation and Transcendence
Jungian Psychotherapy
Assessment and Research in Jung's Theory
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Jung's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Jung
Summary
Personal Experiences
ch. 4 Interpsychic Theories: Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan
Your Goals For This Chapter
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
Biographical Background
Basic Concepts
Thinking Critically: Birth Order and Personality. Contents note continued: Adlerian Psychotherapy
Assessment and Research in Adler's Theory
Thinking Critically: A License to Parent?
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Adler's Theory
Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949)
Biographical Background
Basic Concepts
Psychotherapy, Assessment, and Research
Thinking Critically: Prototaxic, Parataxic, and Syntaxic Experience
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Sullivan's Theory
Family Therapy
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Adler and Sullivan
Summary
Personal Experiences
ch. 5 Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen Horney, Erich Fromm
Your Goals For This Chapter
Karen Homey (1885-1952)
Biographical Background
Basic Anxiety
Neurotic Needs or Trends
The Idealized Self
Thinking Critically: Neurotic Needs, Modes, and Orientations
Feminine Psychology
Assessment and Research in Horney's Theory
Attachment and Parenting Research
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Horney's Theory. Contents note continued: Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
Biographical Background
Basic Human Conditions and Needs
Character Orientations
Assessment and Research in Fromm's Theory
Thinking Critically: Terrorism
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Fromm's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Horney and Fromm
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. III MORE RECENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
ch. 6 Ego Analytic Psychology: Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, Dan McAdams
Your Goals For This Chapter
Anna Freud (1895-1982)
Biographical Background
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
Biographical Background
An Enhanced Understanding of the Ego
The Psychosocial Stages of Development
Assessment and Research in Erikson's Theory
Thinking Critically: The Life Cycle
Empirical Research in Erikson's Theory
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Erikson's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Erikson
Dan McAdams (1954- )
Biographical Background. Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Generativity: How Do You Measure Up?
Thinking Critically: Your Life Story
Summary
Personal Experiences
ch. 7 Human Relations: Object Relations Theory, Relational-Cultural Theory
Your Goals For This Chapter
Object Relations Theory
Melanie Klein (1882-1960)
Margaret Mahler (1897-1985)
Heinz Kohut (1913-1981)
Otto Kernberg (1928- )
Nancy Chodorow (1944- )
Thinking Critically: Families Today
Relational-Cultural Theory
Shifting the Paradigm
Psychotherapy
Thinking Critically: Disconnections and Connections
Other Applications
The Neurobiological Basis of Relationships
Thinking Critically: Serial Testimony
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Human Relations Theories
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Human Relations Theories
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. IV BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING THEORIES. Contents note continued: ch. 8 Experimental Analysis Of Behavior: John Dollard and Neal Miller, B.F. Skinner
Your Goals For This Chapter
The Experimental Analysis of Behavior
John Dollard (1900-1980) and Neal Miller (1909-2002)
Biographical Background
Habits, Drives, and the Learning Process
Frustration and Conflict
Thinking Critically: Personal Conflicts
The Integration of Learning Theory and Psychoanalysis
Psychotherapy
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Dollard and Miller's Theory
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Biographical Background
A Theory of Personality Without Personality
The Development of Behavior Through Learning
Schedules and Types of Reinforcement
Thinking Critically: Classical and Operant Conditioning in Your Life
Psychotherapy and Behavioral Change
Social Utopias
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Skinner's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Dollard and Miller and Skinner
Conclusions
Summary. Contents note continued: Personal Experiences
ch. 9 Social Learning Theories: Albert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Walter Mischel
Your Goals For This Chapter
Albert Bandura (1925- )
Biographical Background
An Agentic Perspective
Triadic Reciprocal Causation
Learning Through Observation
Aggression, Inhumane Behavior, and Moral Disengagement
Self-Efficacy
Thinking Critically: Moral Disengagement and Reprehensible Conduct
Psychotherapy and Behavior Modification
Thinking Critically: Developing Self-Regulation
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Bandura's Theory
Julian Rotter (1916- )
Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement
Predicting Behavior
Walter Mischel (1930- )
Behavior Specificity
A Cognitive-Affective Personality System
A Biological Basis for Self-Regulation and Delay of Gratification
Thinking Critically: Behavioral Signatures
Conclusions
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Bandura, Rotter, and Mischel. Contents note continued: Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. V DISPOSITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PERSONALITY
ch. 10 Traits And Personology: Gordon Allport, Henry Murray
Your Goals For This Chapter
Gordon Allport (1897-1967)
Biographical Background
The Nature of Personality
Traits
Thinking Critically: Central Dispositions
The Proprium
Functional Autonomy
A Definition of Maturity
Assessment and Research in Allport's Theory
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Allport's Theory
Henry Murray (1893-1988)
Biographical Background
The Study of Personology
Human Needs
Thinking Critically: Evaluating Needs
Assessment and Research in Murray's Theory
Thinking Critically: The Thematic Apperception Test
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Murray's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Allport and Murray
Conclusions
Summary
Personal Experiences. Contents note continued: ch. 11 Factor Analytic, Genetic And Evolutionary Theories: Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments
Your Goals For This Chapter
Raymond Cattell (1905-1998)
Biographical Background
Cattell's Definition of Personality
Surface Traits Versus Source Traits
Assessment and Research in Cattell's Theory
The Big Five Personality Traits
The Study of Language
The Study of Personality Questionnaires and Ratings
Differences Between the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model
Five-Factor Theory
Applications of the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model and Theory
Implications for Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Behavior
Thinking Critically: How Abnormal Is Abnormal?
Genetics and Evolutionary Developments
The Genetic Influence on Traits
Applications of Genetic Research
Evolutionary Psychology Theory. Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Using a Genogram to Chart Personality Traits in Your Family Tree
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Factor Analytic Trait Theories
Thinking Critically: Should We Selectively Breed Humans?
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Cattell and the Big Five Theorists
Summary
Personal Experiences
ch. 12 Biological Traits: Hans Eysenck
Your Goals For This Chapter
Hans Eysenck (1916-1997)
Biographical Background
Historical Predecessors
Constructing a Model of Personality
The Identification of Superfactors
The Hierarchical Model of Personality
Comparisons with Cattell and the Big Five
The Measurement of Traits
Looking for Causal Agents of Behavior
Eysenck's Hypothetical Causal Explanations
Thinking Critically: The Lemon Test
New Research on Brain Functioning
The Biological Basis of Behavior and Neurosis
Intelligence
Applications of Eysenck's Theory
Education. Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Study Places
Creativity
Personality, Biology, and Genetics
Psychotherapy
Thinking Critically: Measuring the Efficacy of Psychotherapy
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eysenck's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Eysenck's Theory
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. VI HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL THEORIES
ch. 13 Humanism: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Your Goals For This Chapter
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Biographical Background
Human Motivation: A Hierarchical Theory
The Study of Self-Actualized Persons
Thinking Critically: Who's Among the Self-Actualized?
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Maslow's Theory
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Biographical Background
Rogers's Theory of Personality
Psychotherapy
Thinking Critically: Friendlier Arguments: Using Reflection to Resolve Conflicts
Changes in Rogers's View of Therapy
Assessment and Research in Rogers's Theory. Contents note continued: Philosophy, Science, and Art: Rogers's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Maslow and Rogers
Positive Psychology
Transpersonal Psychology
Thinking Critically: War and Our Comfort Level
Thinking Critically: Should Psychologists Study Spirituality?
Summary
Personal Experiences
ch. 14 Existential Psychoanalysis: Rollo May
Your Goals For This Chapter
Rollo May (1909-1994)
Biographical Background
The Existential Attitude
Our Predicament
Powerlessness
Anxiety
The Loss of Values
Rediscovering Selfhood
Thinking Critically: Is Privacy an Obsolete Value?
Ontological Assumptions Concerning the Person
Rediscovering Feelings
Four Stages of Consciousness of Self
The Goals of Integration
The Daimonic
Power
Love and Sex
Intentionality
Freedom and Destiny
Courage and Creativity
A Cry for Myth
Thinking Critically: Cultural Myths and the Media
Psychotherapy. Contents note continued: Assessment and Research in May's Theory
Philosophy, Science, and Art: May's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining May
Social Media
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. VII COGNITIVE THEORIES
ch. 15 Personal CONSTRUCTS: George Kelly
Your Goals For This Chapter
George Kelly (1905-1967)
Biographical Background
The Person as Scientist
Constructive Alternativism
Thinking Critically: How We Behave as Scientists
Fundamental Postulate and Corollaries
The Reconstruction of Old Concepts
Assessment and Research in Kelly's Theory
Psychotherapy
Thinking Critically: Assessing Personal Constructs: The Rep Test
Thinking Critically: Role-Playing
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Kelly's Theory
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Kelly
Summary
Personal Experiences
ch. 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Theories: Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus
Your Goals For This Chapter
Albert Ellis (1913-2007). Contents note continued: Biographical Background
Philosophical Origins
The Theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Rational Emotive Behavior Psychotherapy
Thinking Critically: A Self-Help Form
Aaron Beck (1921- )
Biographical Background
Philosophical Origins
The Theory Behind Cognitive Therapy
Thinking Critically: Automatic Thoughts Diary
Cognitive Psychotherapy
Assessment and Research in Beck's Theory
Arnold Lazarus (1932- )
Biographical Background
The Development of a Theory and the BASIC-ID
Theory of Personality
Multimodal Therapy
Thinking Critically: Using the BASIC-ID
Technical Eclecticism
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and Theories
Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus
Mindfulness
Summary
Personal Experiences
pt. VIII A NON-WESTERN APPROACH
ch. 17 Zen Buddhism
Your Goals For This Chapter
The Introduction of Zen to the West. Contents note continued: The Origins of Zen
The Teachings of the Buddha
Dependent Origination
The Three Characteristics of Existence
Vasubandhu and the Eight Consciousnesses
Bodhidharma and the Transmission of Zen to China
The Practice of Zen
Thinking Critically: Meditation
Five Approaches to Zen Practice
Enlightenment
Eastern Thought and Psychotherapy
Thinking Critically: Mindfulness and the Search for a Higher Synthesis
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eastern Theories
Summary
Personal Experiences
CONCLUSION/PERSONALITY THEORY IN PERSPECTIVE
Your Goals For This Chapter
Philosophy, Science, and Art: Personality Theories
Philosophical Issues
The Challenge of Contemporary Personality Theorizing
Summary

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